Study of Registration Practices of the
COLLEGE OF DIETITIANS OF ONTARIO, 2007
ISBN 978-1-4249-6454-3 [HTML English version]
The Office of the Fairness Commissioner (OFC) undertook a study of registration practices of Ontario's regulated professions during the fall and winter of 2007–2008. The purpose of the study was to understand each regulated profession's 2007 registration practices and to establish baseline data and information to enable the OFC to measure progress as it fulfills its mandate under the Fair Access to Regulated Professions Act, 2006.
This report reflects the registration practices of the College of Dietitians of Ontario (CDO) as of December 31, 2007. Information in this report was gathered from:
face-to-face meetings with registration staff of the regulatory body
additional documentation provided by the regulatory body
relevant websites
career maps for the profession posted on the Ministry of Citizenship and Immigration's website (where applicable).
The College of Dietitians of Ontario also provided registration information and statistics for 2005, 2006 and 2007 through a standard spreadsheet designed by the OFC.
An analysis and summary of the findings for all of the regulated professions is contained in the OFC's Ontario’s Regulated Professions: Report on the 2007 Study of Registration Practices.
The College of Dietitians of Ontario (CDO) operates in accordance with the Dietetics Act, 1991 and the Regulated Health Professions Act, 1991.
Only dietitians registered with the CDO can use the title ”Dietitian” or ”Registered Dietitian” (RD), or some variation, abbreviation or equivalent of these titles in another language. Only dietitians registered with the CDO can hold themselves out to the public as a person who is qualified to practise in Ontario as a dietitian.
In Ontario, registered dietitians are educated in the sciences related to foods and human nutrition, and they are trained to apply their knowledge in a variety of settings. Registered dietitians are required to continue their professional development in order to expand the competencies needed for delivering safe, ethical and high-quality dietetics services.
The practice of registered dietitians is varied and includes the following:
clinical assessment
treatment and care planning
health promotion and disease prevention
food and nutrition product development and promotion
food service systems
public policy
education and research.
Registered dietitians practise in many different settings, such as hospitals, public health units, home care agencies, primary care centres, long-term care facilities, private practice, fitness centres, industry and government.
Other practitioners, such as nutritionists, may provide nutrition advice, but under Ontario law only registered dietitians are held accountable to the public and to the CDO for their conduct, the quality of their care and the nutrition services that they provide.
There is a definite shortage of dietitians throughout Ontario, but especially in rural areas and northern Ontario. Ontario is a net importer of dietitians from other provinces, registering almost as many dietitians from out-of-province as are graduated from dietetic programs in Ontario.
The labour market for dietitians has been expanding in recent years because of the expansion of government-funded positions and increasing demand for private practice dietitians.
The CDO’s staff consists of nine employees (8.5 full-time equivalents), three of whom are involved in the registration process.
There are nine categories of registration requirements for the General Certificate of Registration.
Academic Preparation: All applicants must have graduated from an accredited program in foods and nutrition from a Canadian university, or an equivalent that meets the academic subject-area requirements for accredited programs in dietetics.
Practical Training: All applicants must complete the practical training requirement: an internship program, practicum, or program of practical experience that is accredited (or approved as equivalent to accredited) by the Council of CDO.
Language Proficiency: All applicants must be able to speak and write either English or French with reasonable fluency. The CDO will require an applicant to take language tests if his or her language of dietetic education is not English or French.
Record of Ethical and Competent Practice: The applicant must satisfy the CDO that he or she has not been found guilty of, and is not the subject of any current proceedings for, professional misconduct, incompetence or incapacity in Ontario or any other jurisdiction in relation to the practice of dietetics or any other profession.
Good Conduct: The applicant must not have been found guilty of any criminal offence or an offence under the Food and Drug Act (Canada) or the Narcotic Act (Canada).
Upgrading Requirement: If an applicant completed the academic and practical training requirements more than three years before the date of application, he or she must have practised safely as a registered dietitian or must have successfully completed a refresher or upgrading program approved by the CDO's Registration Committee.
Canadian Citizenship/Permanent Residency Requirement: The applicant must be a Canadian citizen or a permanent resident of Canada or must be authorized under the Immigration Act (Canada) to engage in the practice of dietetics.
Canadian Academic and Practical Training (CAPT): If an applicant was trained outside of North America and meets the CDO’s academic and practical training requirements, he or she must complete one advanced course in clinical nutrition, and practical training under the supervision of a registered dietitian in Canada. The purpose of the CAPT requirement is to familiarize applicants with current dietetic practice in Ontario. This helps them prepare for the Canadian Dietetic Registration Examination.
Examination Requirement: All applicants must successfully complete the Canadian Dietetic Registration Examination (CDRE), unless they have continuously registered since October 1, 1998, with the dietetic regulatory body of one of the following provinces: British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island or Newfoundland/Labrador.
An applicant who has satisfied the nine categories of registration requirements is eligible to apply for a General Certificate of Registration.
An applicant who has met the first eight categories of requirements, and who has already applied to write the CDRE, may be issued a Temporary Certificate to practise under the title of “registered dietitian.” Applicants who have previously held a Temporary Certificate and/or have previously failed the examination will not be issued a Temporary Certificate.
The particular application process that an applicant must follow depends on his or her academic and practical experiences. Please see the CDO website for complete details. To satisfy the basic requirements in categories 1 and 2, applicants should submit documents as described below.
Category 1: Academic Qualifications
Graduates from academic programs accredited by Dietitians of Canada must submit the following to the CDO:
A photocopy of academic degree(s)
Official transcripts, sent directly to the CDO from the transcript offices of all the universities that the applicant attended.
Graduates from a foods and nutrition university program that is not accredited by Dietitians of Canada must submit the following:
A photocopy of academic degree(s)
Official transcripts, sent directly to the CDO from the transcript offices of all the universities that the applicant attended
Four official copies of course descriptions of all courses completed (e.g., program handbook, calendar, syllabus)
A completed Educational Summary form for each degree/diploma obtained, including information about the number of hours per week and the number of weeks attended for each course completed.
Category 2: Practical Training Program
Graduates from a practical program accredited by Dietitians of Canada must submit the following to the CDO:
A copy of the applicant’s internship certificate
An original letter from the applicant’s internship coordinator confirming that the applicant completed his or her practical experience.
Graduates from a foods and nutrition university program that is not accredited by Dietitians of Canada must submit one of the following:
Four copies (one original and three copies) of the applicant’s competency package (Entry-Level Competency); or
Four copies of a Master’s Competency package — if the practicum component of the degree is not accredited by Dietitians of Canada.
Additional Requirements
Any applicant who has completed dietetic training more than three years ago must also submit the following:
A copy of his or her resumé or curriculum vitae
A completed Upgrading/Refresher Programs and Continuing Education Activities form, which is available at the CDO
A completed Verification of Private Practice form, if the applicant has been in private practice within the past three years before application. The CDO will advise the applicant about the use of this form.
Documents Under a Different Name
If an applicant submits any documents that are under a different name than the one he or she is using at the time of registration, the applicant must provide proof of the change of name (e.g., a copy of a marriage certificate).
In addition to the documents that must be submitted by domestically educated and trained applicants, applicants with international credentials must submit the following documents:
Proof of language testing scores, if the applicant’s first language of instruction is neither English nor French
Verification from Comparative Education Services (University of Toronto) that the applicant’s level of education is equivalent to a Canadian university degree
Original transcripts, sent directly to the CDO by the educational institution, or original transcripts with a notarized translation if the transcripts are in neither English nor French
A completed Education Summary form with attached course descriptions, issued by the university or universities (course syllabus)
A letter sent directly to the CDO by the institution that provided the applicant’s program of practical training, or the original letter with a notarized translation, if the original letter was not written in English or French
All documents needed to meet the CAPT requirement.
There is no formal process for applicants who are unable to provide documentation. The CDO has only ever had one case where an internationally trained applicant did not have access to documents because they were lost. In that case, the person was not registered.
The CDO helps applicants to locate required documents or alternative documentation.
Before applying to the CDO, each internationally trained applicant must have his or her academic degrees assessed by Comparative Education Services (CES) at the University of Toronto to determine whether the degrees are equivalent to university-level degrees in Canada.
All applicants, domestically or internationally trained, who lack an accredited foods and nutrition education program and/or an accredited program of dietetics practical training must have their academic credentials and/or practical training assessed for equivalency by the CDO’s Registration Committee.
All applicants must have graduated from an academic program in foods and nutrition from a university that is accredited by Dietitians of Canada, or an equivalent that meets the academic subject-area requirements for accredited programs in dietetics.[1] Equivalency is defined as any university program in nutrition that meets the following subject-area requirements:
12 credits in humanities/social sciences
9 credits in natural sciences (3 each in general chemistry, organic chemistry and microbiology)
18 credits in professional subjects (3 each in basic foods, advanced foods, basic principles of management and communications arts and 6 in basic human nutrition)
9 credits in human nutrition (3 each in advanced, clinical and community nutrition)
9 credits in food service systems management (food service systems organizations and management, quantity food production management, food service facilities, cost control and accounting, and personnel)
12 credits in supporting sciences (9 total in biochemistry and physiology and 3 total in advanced social science, statistics and computers).
There are no formal work experience requirements to be registered with the CDO. However, in order to be eligible for registration, all applicants must have some accredited practical training.
The council of the CDO approves as an equivalent to its practical experience requirements any internship, practicum, or program of practical experience that is successfully completed after the applicant's academic training and that:
Is at least 35 weeks in duration
Is supervised by a registered dietitian
Involves ongoing formal evaluation of performance against competencies that are substantially similar to those used by Dietitians of Canada in accrediting an internship program or practicum. The applicant’s program must comprehensively cover those competencies.
The following institutions in Ontario offer internship programs that have been accredited by Dietitians of Canada:
Aramark Canada Ltd., Toronto
Grand River Hospital, Kitchener
Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation, Hamilton
London Health Sciences Centre, London
Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto
North York General Hospital, Toronto
St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto
Sunnybrook & Women's College Health Science Centre, Toronto
The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto
The Ottawa Hospital (Ottawa Hospital Internship Program), Ottawa
University Health Network, Toronto.
The following internship programs are also accredited:
Northern Ontario Dietetic Internship (Northern School of Medicine), Sudbury/Thunder Bay
Southeastern Ontario Dietetic Internship Program (Kingston, Frontenac and Lennox & Addington Public Health), Kingston.
In addition, the following master’s degree programs offer accredited practical training:
Masters of Applied Nutrition Program, University of Guelph
Masters of Health Sciences, Program in Community Nutrition, University of Toronto
Masters in Health Sciences in Foods and Nutrition, Brescia University College, University of Western Ontario.
Dietitians of Canada maintains an up-to-date list of accredited internship programs on its website.
If an applicant was trained outside of North America and meets CDO’s academic and practical training requirements, he or she normally must also fulfill the Canadian Academic and Practical Training (CAPT) requirement, by completing:
one advanced course in clinical nutrition
practical training under the supervision of a registered dietitian in Canada.
The duration of the practical training must be at least 10 weeks, but it must be extended if the applicant is assessed as not meeting the practical training outcomes for CAPT.
The purpose of the CAPT requirement is to familiarize applicants with current dietetic practice in Ontario. This helps applicants prepare for the Canadian Dietetic Registration Examination. For more detailed information about the CAPT requirement, visit the CDO website.
All applicants must successfully complete the Canadian Dietetic Registration Examination (CDRE), unless they have been continuously registered since October 1, 1998, with the dietetic regulatory body in one of the following provinces: British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island or Newfoundland/Labrador. Applicants become eligible to write the CDRE after they have satisfied registration requirements 1 through 8 (see section 3.a.i).
The CDRE is a multiple-choice examination that tests knowledge, application and critical thinking in the following areas: assessment, planning, implementation, evaluation, communication and professional practice. The CDRE is designed to confirm competence. It is based on the Competencies for the Entry-Level Dietitian (Dietitians of Canada, 1996) and is being administered in nine provinces in Canada.
Applicants may write the CDRE in English or in French.
An applicant has four years or three opportunities, whichever comes first, to pass the CDRE. The first attempt must be made within one year of becoming eligible to write it. An applicant who fails the first attempt is allowed to write it a second time. After a second failure, the applicant must complete academic and practical upgrading before making a third and final attempt. If an applicant does not pass on the third attempt, within four years of becoming eligible, the applicant is not eligible to continue in the examination process.
For applicants to the CDO, the exam is administered every year in May and November in Toronto and at alternative sites in Ontario on request. Requests must be made in writing at the time of the application for registration.
The Canadian Dietetic Registration Examination (CDRE) Preparation Guide explains the basis of the exam and the examination process and provides sample questions. A copy of the most recent version of the guide is available from the CDO and is posted on the CDO website. It is provided when an applicant has been deemed eligible to write the examination and has paid the exam fee of $400 to the CDO.
In addition, as of 2007, there are plans for providing an online exam-preparation learning module on the CDO website by June 2008.
All applicants must be reasonably fluent in written and oral English or French.
If an applicant's language of instruction for his or her dietetic education and training is not English or French, the applicant must demonstrate language proficiency in either language. Test results must be sent directly to the CDO by the testing organization.
The applicant can demonstrate adequate English language proficiency either by:
Completing Ryerson University’s Internationally Educated Dietitians Pre-registration Program (IDPP), or
Achieving the required scores on the following Educational Testing Service (ETS) tests.
Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL)
| Paper Test (PBT) | Computer Test (CBT) | Internet Test (iBT) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| TOTAL |
550 |
213 |
80 |
| Listening |
50 |
16 |
15 |
| Writing |
50 |
18 |
13 |
| Reading |
50 |
17 |
15 |
Test of Spoken English
A score of 50 is required on a Test of Spoken English (TSE), or a speaking component score of 26 on a TOEFL (iBT), the Internet-based TOEFL test.
An applicant can prove his or her French proficiency through:
A TESTCan score of 4.5 in listening and reading, and
A writing score of Band 4.0, and
An interview test that confirms speaking performance.
The fees listed below are the total fees. There are no additional taxes.
|
Application fee |
$100 |
|
Application fee + CDO academic equivalency assessment |
$200 |
|
Application fee + CDO assessment of practical experiences |
$250 |
|
Application fee + CDO assessment of practical experiences |
$350 |
|
Canadian Dietetic Registration Examination (CDRE) fee |
$400 |
|
Annual registration fee |
$500 |
|
Bridging program fee (at Ryerson University) |
$3,000 |
| Name of Third Party | Relationship to Regulatory Body |
|---|---|
|
Comparative Education Services (University of Toronto) |
Assesses the degrees of internationally trained individuals for equivalency with Canadian degrees. |
|
Dietitians of Canada |
Accredits dietetics education and training programs across Canada. |
|
Educational Testing Service (ETS) |
Provides English language proficiency tests. |
|
Ryerson University |
Provides the Internationally Educated Dietitians Pre-registration Program (IDPP). |
|
TESTCan (University of Ottawa) |
Provides French language proficiency tests. |
Once an applicant meets all the registration requirements, he or she may be registered within days. The practical training/internship process usually takes approximately one year to complete.
Once an application has the necessary documents, it is assessed by the Registration Committee at their next scheduled meeting. The Registration Committee normally meets eight or nine times a year.
The following Ontario universities offer undergraduate programs in dietetics that have been accredited by Dietitians of Canada, a national association that carries out program accreditation.
University of Western Ontario, Brescia University College
Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences
London
Ryerson University
School of Nutrition
Toronto
University of Guelph
Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition
Guelph
The following nutritional sciences program is new and has not yet been accredited by Dietitians of Canada.
Programme de Baccalauréat en Sciences de la nutrition[2]
Faculté des Sciences de la santé
Université d’Ottawa
Ottawa
For a full list of accredited programs in Canada, visit the website of Dietitians of Canada.
Internal reviews are carried out by the Registration Committee of the CDO. The Registration Committee is composed of eight people, four of whom are public appointees and four of whom are elected registered dietitians.
Applications are assessed by a panel of the Registration Committee. Each panel must be composed of at least three members of the Registration Committee and must have a combination of public appointees and registered dietitians.
An applicant may appeal the decision of the Registration Committee or a panel of the Registration Committee to the Health Professions Appeal and Review Board (HPARB).
Complaints about the CDO’s services to applicants and about timeliness are considered by the Registrar and Executive Director.
The Raymond Chang School of Continuing Education at Ryerson University offers a bridging program, called the International Dietitians Pre-registration Program (IDPP), to help internationally educated applicants complete education and training to meet the CDO’s registration requirements. The program delivers university credits in food and nutrition and provides practical training and assessment that meets the Canadian Academic and Practical Training (CAPT) requirements (see 3.e.iii).
For the purposes of registration with the CDO, applicants who complete the IDPP are normally assessed to have the equivalent to an accredited internship program. In addition, the IDPP provides applicants with mentors, exposes them to a network of colleagues across different work settings, facilitates the job search process and helps applicants to prepare for the Canadian Dietetic Registration Examination.
Note: Applicants who complete the bridging program are exempted from having to demonstrate their language proficiency through language tests.
The program is one year in length and has two intakes a year. It costs approximately $3,000 (Canadian).
In compliance with the Agreement of the Alliance of Canadian Dietetic Regulatory Bodies, which came into effect on October 1, 1998, and under the CDO’s registration regulations, an individual registered with another Canadian dietetic regulatory body, other than the Ordre professionnel des diététistes du Québec, is deemed to have met the academic, practical training and examination requirements for a CDO General Certificate of Registration, if the individual fulfills all of the following conditions:
When applying to the CDO, the applicant is still registered with a regulatory body of dietitians in another jurisdiction in Canada.
The applicant was registered with a regulatory body of dietitians in Canada on October 1, 1998, or has passed the Canadian Dietetic Registration Examination (CDRE) before the date of application to the CDO.
The applicant's registration in the other jurisdiction (from October 1, 1998 onward) was not in a restricted category such as temporary, qualifying, honorary, retired, inactive, associate or special.
When applying to the CDO, the applicant's registration in the other jurisdiction (from October 1, 1998 onward) is not subject to any conditions, restrictions or limitations other than those that apply to all members.
Registration with the regulatory body in one jurisdiction is not transferable to the regulatory body in another jurisdiction. Therefore, the applicant must apply to the CDO using standard application procedures. In some instances, the applicant's qualifications for registration may be subject to further assessment by the Registration Committee
The CDO maintains regular contact with its applicants, especially to help applicants to submit the necessary documents to complete an application.
The CDO does not experience backlogs in its registration process. Once an application file is complete, it is reviewed by a panel of the Registration Committee at the next scheduled meeting. The committee typically meets eight or nine times a year. Decisions of the Registration Committee panels are normally written and issued within 10 days of the panel decision.
Complaints concerning some aspect of the registration process will be handled by the CDO Registrar. Ultimately, applicants who disagree with a registration decision can take their case to the Health Professions Appeal and Review Board (HPARB).
The Ministry of Citizenship and Immigration conducted a survey in 2005 to collect information about occupational regulatory bodies in Ontario.
Since the 2005 survey, the bridging program has been implemented. Also, the language policy of the CDO has changed, so that applicants who complete the bridging program are exempted from having to demonstrate language proficiency through language tests.
Definitions used in these tables:
Alternative class of licence: a class of licence that enables its holder to practise with limitations; additional registration requirements must be met in order to be fully licensed. Alternative classes of licence granted by the College of Dietitians of Ontario are specified under the tables below.
Applicant: a person who has applied to start the process for entry to the profession.
Applicant actively pursuing licensing: an applicant who had some contact with the College of Dietitians of Ontario within the year specified. The CDO does not track this information.
Inactive applicant: an applicant whose CDO file has been closed because he or she did not submit required information by the CDO’s deadlines.
Member: a person who is currently able to use the protected title or professional designation “dietitian” or ”registered dietitian” (RD), or some variation, abbreviation or equivalent of these titles in another language.
| Language | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 |
|---|---|---|---|
| English |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
| French |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
| Other(s) |
|
|
|
| Applications received | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Largest number |
India |
India |
India |
| Second-largest number |
Iran |
Iran |
US |
| Third-largest number |
Pakistan |
Pakistan |
China |
| Fourth-largest number |
US |
US |
Lebanon |
| Fifth-largest number |
Brazil |
Mexico |
UK |
| Number of staff | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Involved in registration process |
3 |
3 |
3 |
| Involved in appeals process |
2 |
2 |
2 |
| Members | Ontario | Other Canadian Provinces | USA | Other International | TOTAL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total members1 |
1,954 |
687 |
60 |
101 |
2,802 |
| Non-practising members2 |
81 |
34 |
6 |
7 |
128 |
1 Both general and temporary members.
2 “Not employed” members.
|
|
Jurisdiction where members were initially trained in dietetics (before they were granted use of the protected title or professional designation in Ontario) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| In 2005 (Jan. 1 to Dec. 31) | Ontario | Other Canadian Provinces | USA | Other International | TOTAL |
| New applications received |
89 |
50 |
7 |
32 |
178 |
| Applicants actively pursuing licensing |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
| Inactive applicants |
0 |
4 |
1 |
5 |
10 |
| Applicants who met all requirements and were authorized to become members but did not become members1 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
| Applicants who became members2 |
85 |
46 |
6 |
10 |
147 |
| Applicants who were authorized to receive an alternative class of licence but were not issued a licence3 |
12 |
25 |
3 |
2 |
42 |
| Applicants who were issued an alternative class of licence4 |
73 |
24 |
3 |
8 |
108 |
1 Applicants who became eligible for general membership but whose file was closed or who withdrew their application, or who have not paid their registration fees yet.
2 Both general members and temporary members.
3 Applicants who became general members without first becoming temporary members (members who cannot supervise another dietitian).
4 Applicants who became temporary members (members who cannot supervise another dietitian).
|
|
Jurisdiction where members were initially trained in dietetics (before they were granted use of the protected title or professional designation in Ontario) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| In 2006 (Jan. 1 to Dec. 31) | Ontario | Other Canadian Provinces | USA | Other International | TOTAL |
| New applications received |
93 |
60 |
4 |
41 |
198 |
| Applicants actively pursuing licensing |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
| Inactive applicants |
1 |
3 |
0 |
1 |
5 |
| Applicants who met all requirements and were authorized to become members but did not become members1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Applicants who became members2 |
92 |
56 |
2 |
19 |
169 |
| Applicants who were authorized to receive an alternative class of licence but were not issued a licence3 |
12 |
24 |
2 |
2 |
40 |
| Applicants who were issued an alternative class of licence4 |
80 |
32 |
0 |
17 |
129 |
1 Applicants who became eligible for general membership but whose file was closed or who withdrew their application, or who have not paid their registration fees yet.
2 Both general members and temporary members.
3 Applicants who became general members without first becoming temporary members (members who cannot supervise another dietitian).
4 Applicants who became temporary members (members who cannot supervise another dietitian).
|
|
Jurisdiction where members were initially trained in dietetics (before they were granted use of the protected title or professional designation in Ontario) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| In 2007 (Jan. 1 to Dec. 31) | Ontario | Other Canadian Provinces | USA | Other International | TOTAL |
| New applications received |
91 |
71 |
12 |
37 |
211 |
| Applicants actively pursuing licensing |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
| Inactive applicants |
2 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
7 |
| Applicants who met all requirements and were authorized to become members but did not become members1 |
4 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
| Applicants who became members2 |
79 |
63 |
7 |
11 |
160 |
| Applicants who were authorized to receive an alternative class of licence but were not issued a licence3 |
9 |
26 |
2 |
1 |
38 |
| Applicants who were issued an alternative class of licence4 |
74 |
39 |
5 |
10 |
128 |
1 Applicants who became eligible for general membership but whose file was closed or who withdrew their application, or who have not paid their registration fees yet.
2 Both general members and temporary members.
3 Applicants who became general members without first becoming temporary members (members who cannot supervise another dietitian).
4 Applicants who became temporary members (members who cannot supervise another dietitian).
College of Dietitians of Ontario website. http://www.cdo.on.ca. Last accessed: March 28, 2008.
Dietitians of Canada website. http://www.dietitians.ca/. Last accessed: March 28, 2008.
Representatives of the College of Dieticians of Ontario met with staff of the Office of the Fairness Commissioner on December 7, 2007, to provide further information for this study.